Diamagnetism and Paramagnetic

Electrons in an atom have orbital motion as well as spin motion. As they are charged particles, therefore their motion produces a small magnetic field. If all the electrons in a molecule are paired, the magnetic moment of the electrons spinning in one direction is cancelled by the magnetic moment of the electrons spinning in the opposite direction. The net result is placed in a substance has zero magnetic moment. If such a substance is placed in a magnetic to the external magnetic moment is induced in the substance in magnetic field, small magnetic moment is induced in the substance in opposition to the external magnetic field. As a result the substance is repelled by the magnetic field. This type of behavior is observed for the diamagnetic substances. Thus diamagnetism is behavior is observed for the diamagnetic contain paired electrons only i.e. no unpaired electron is present.

On the other hand, if a substance contains some unpaired electrons, the magnetic moments of the electrons do not cancel out completely. Hence the substance has a permanent magnetic moment of its own. IN fact each unpaired election behaves like micro magnets with a definite magnetic moment. If such a substance is placed in an external magnetic field, the micro magnets will arrange themselves parallel to the external field and the induced magnetic moment is insufficient to overcome the permanent magnetic moment of the substance. Such substances are, therefore, attracted by the magnetic field, instead of being repelled by it. This type of behavior is observed for the pragmatism is exhibited by those substances which contain some unpaired electrons.

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