Software testing is the process of executing a program to locate an error. A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding undiscovered error(s). It is impossible to continue testing the software until all faults are detected and removed, as testing of all possible inputs would require millions of years !. Therefore, failure probabilities must be inferred from testing a sample of all possible input states called the input space. In other words, input space is the set of all possible input states. Similarly, output space is the set of all possible output states for a given software and input space.


It is generally very difficult to exhaustively test a large computer program because of problems with dimensionality. If the input space consists of a single unbounded variable, than an infinite number of input cases will be needed to provide an exhaustive test of the program. If the input space is bounded, but contains a large number f independent variables, then the number of input cases needed for an exhaustive test will tend to e impossibly large. Similarly, it will probably be an impossible task to test each pathway through the program because of very large number of paths involved.

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