As the rate of flow of water in a pipe is directly proportional to the effective pressure (difference of pressure at two ends) and inversely proportional to the frictional resistance similarly the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the ends of the conductor and inversely proportional to the conductor resistance. This relation was discovered by Georg Simon Ohm and hence is known as ohm’s law.

If is the current flowing through a conductor of resistance R across which a potential difference V is applied, then according to Ohm’s law

I ∝ V and I ∝  1
                     R
or I  ∝  V
           R
or   I = V         where V is in volts, R is in ohms and I is in amperes.
          R
Ohm’s law way be defined as follows:

Physical state i.e, temperature etc. remaining the same the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across its ends.

The ratio of potential difference applied across a conductor and current flowing through it remains constant provided physical state i.e. temperature etc, of the conductor remains the same.

i.e.  V  = constant = R   where R is known as the resistance of the conductor.
       I
or    I = V    or  V = IR
            R
Ohm’s low can not be applied to circuits consisting of electronic values or transistors because these elements are not bilateral-i.e. they behave in different way, when the direction of flow of current is reversed as in case of a diode. Ohm’s law also can not be applied to circuits consisting of non-linear elements such as powdered carbon, thirties, electric arc etc.

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