•    The density of a liquid is defined as the mass per unit volume.
•    It is denoted by 'ρ'. S.I. unit is kg/m3
•    Mass density of water is 1000kg/m3.

ρ =  Weight / Volume = m / v

•    The specific weight of a liquid is defined as weight per unit volume at a standard temperature and pressure.

•    It is denoted by "w" or 'γ' . It has S.I. unit is N/m3.
•    Specific weight of water is 9810 N/m3 (9.81 Kn/m3).

γ = weight / volume = w / V = m.g / V = ρ . g

γ = ρg

•    The specific weight depends on gravitational acceleration and the mass density. Since gravitational attraction varies from place to place,t eh specific weight will also vary.

•    Specific volume of a fluid is the volume of the fluid per unit weight. It is the reciprocal of specific weight.

•    It is denoted by ‘Vs’, S.I. unit is m3/N.

V_s = volume / weight = V / w = 1/ γ in case of liquid

•    For the gas flow, specific volume is defined as the volume of the fluid per unit mass. In this case it is a reciprocal of amass density. S.I. unit is m3 /kg

V_s = volume / mass = V / m = 1/ρ in case of gas

•    Specific gravity is the ratio of specific weight (or mass density) of fluid to the specific weight (or mass density) of a standard fluid.

•    It denoted by S or RD.

Specific gravity = γ₁ / γ_w or ρ₁/ρ_w

•    For liquid, water and for gases, hydrogen or air is consider as a standard fluid.

•    Specific gravity of water at a standard temperature 4⁰C is I and that of mercury is 13.6.

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