•    LDA is used in laboratory turbulence studies.

•    It is autonomous, submersible, free-standing laser Doppler anemometer is used for measuring velocity.

•    The operating principle depends upon the presence of natural particles or other seeded scatters traveling with the fluid velocity in the flow field.

•    When the scatterers pass through the intersection of two orthogonal coherent beams of laser light, the resulting back scattered light is frequency modulated in proportion to the velocity.

•    The device is non-invasive, possesses favorable linearity over a very wide response range and

•    The devices does not work properly when low concentration of scatters exist.

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