•    A surge tank is a tank fitted to a pipeline in the upstream side of the control valve which is used to control and stop the flow of water through the pipe.

•    It is provided on the penstock in a hydropower generation plant.

•    It is used to control the pressure variation due to rapid changes in pipeline flow, which reduces ill-effects of water hammer.

•    It is also used to supply additional water if needed for more power generation.

•    The surge tanks are placed as close to the turbine as possible.

•    The height of surge tank is generally kept above the maximum water level in the supply level reservoir.

Types of Surge Tank:

1.    Simple surge tank.
2.    Restricted orifice type surge tank
3.    Differential surge tank.

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